{"id":33514,"date":"2025-03-25T17:11:35","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T09:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/?p=33514"},"modified":"2025-03-25T17:11:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T09:11:41","slug":"common-photovoltaic-ribbon-substrate-selection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/common-photovoltaic-ribbon-substrate-selection\/","title":{"rendered":"Common photovoltaic ribbon substrate selection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/pvribbon\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"43\" title=\"Photovoltaic welding ribbon\">Photovoltaic welding ribbon<\/a>The base material is the basis of the performance of the welding strip and directly affects<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"14\" title=\"Photovoltaic modules\">Photovoltaic modules<\/a>The current conduction, welding stability, oxidation resistance and long-term reliability of the PV ribbon are very important for improving the power output and extending the service life of the PV module. The following is a detailed analysis of the PV ribbon substrate:<\/p><p>\ud83c\udfaf 1. Commonly used photovoltaic ribbon substrate types<\/p><p>\u2460 High-purity electrolytic copper (C11000) - the most common choice<br>Material Composition:<\/p><p>The copper content is above 99.9% and the impurity content is extremely low, which complies with international standards such as ASTM B170 and JIS C1011.<\/p><p>Features:<\/p><p>Excellent conductivity: The conductivity is as high as 98% IACS or above, which can minimize resistance loss and improve current transmission efficiency.<\/p><p>Good ductility: After annealing, it has good ductility, which facilitates thermal expansion and contraction during welding and reduces stress concentration.<\/p><p>Good thermal stability: resistant to high temperatures and not easily deformed, suitable for high temperature lamination processes.<\/p><p>\u2705 Applicable scenarios:<\/p><p>Traditional PERC, TOPCon, IBC and other crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.<\/p><p>Applications requiring high conductivity and low resistance.<\/p><p>\u2461 Copper Clad Aluminum (CCA) - Lightweight Choice<\/p><p>Material Composition:<\/p><p>Aluminum is used as the core material and the outer layer is covered with a layer of electrolytic copper.<\/p><p>The thickness of the copper layer is generally 10%-15%, which has good conductivity.<\/p><p>Features:<\/p><p>Lightweight: 30%-40% is lighter than pure copper ribbon of the same size, which helps to reduce the overall weight of photovoltaic modules.<\/p><p>Cost advantage: low production cost and relatively more competitive material prices.<\/p><p>Slightly lower conductivity: Although not as conductive as pure copper, it is acceptable in some non-high-end applications.<\/p><p>\u2705 Applicable scenarios:<\/p><p>Suitable for weight-sensitive BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) systems.<\/p><p>There is a need for photovoltaic modules that maintain good electrical conductivity while reducing costs.<\/p><p>\u2462 Brass (C26800 or H62)\u2014\u2014Special applications<\/p><p>Material Composition:<\/p><p>The copper content is between 60% and 63%, and the zinc content is between 37% and 40%.<\/p><p>The material is harder and has higher mechanical strength.<\/p><p>Features:<\/p><p>High mechanical strength: good wear resistance, not easy to bend or deform, suitable for specific scenarios.<\/p><p>Slightly lower conductivity: The conductivity is about 26% IACS, which is not as good as pure copper.<\/p><p>Good corrosion resistance: more resistant to oxidation in humid environments, but less used in the photovoltaic field.<\/p><p>\u2705 Applicable scenarios:<\/p><p>Special applications, such as some low current or corrosion resistance requirements of the environment<\/p><p>\u2463 Copper Clad Steel (CCS)\u2014\u2014Specialized for signal transmission<\/p><p>Material Composition:<\/p><p>Steel is the core material and the outer layer is covered with electrolytic copper.<\/p><p>The thickness of the copper layer is generally between 5%-10%.<\/p><p>Features:<\/p><p>It has high strength and good tensile resistance, but low conductivity and is not usually used in high-power photovoltaic modules.<\/p><p>The resistance is high and it is not suitable for large current transmission, so it is only used in some special signal transmission fields.<\/p><p>\u2705 Applicable scenarios:<\/p><p>Suitable for some tracking systems or low current applications.<\/p><p>\ud83c\udfaf 2. The influence of substrate selection on photovoltaic ribbon performance<\/p><p>\u2705 1) Conductivity affects component power output<\/p><p>High purity electrolytic copper (C11000) has excellent conductivity and low resistivity, helping to minimize power losses.<\/p><p>If copper clad aluminum (CCA) is chosen, although the weight can be reduced, the resistance value is higher, which will increase power loss and affect component efficiency.<\/p><p>\u2705 2) Tensile strength affects welding reliability<\/p><p>The soldering tape needs to have a good yield strength (generally 60~70 MPa) to prevent cracks or breakage during thermal expansion and contraction.<\/p><p>The flexibility and tensile strength of high-purity copper can better adapt to the changes in mechanical stress during the welding process.<\/p><p>CCA (Copper Clad Aluminum) is slightly weaker in tensile strength and is more susceptible to cracking, which may lead to welding failures.<\/p><p>\u2705 3) Thermal expansion coefficient affects solder joint stability<\/p><p>The thermal expansion coefficients between the photovoltaic ribbon and the battery cell are highly matched, which can reduce the risk of thermal fatigue at the welding point.<\/p><p>The thermal expansion coefficient of high-purity copper is similar to that of silicon wafers (16.5 ppm\/\u2103), making it suitable for photovoltaic welding.<\/p><p>The coefficient of thermal expansion of CCA and brass is significantly different from that of silicon wafers, which may cause solder joint cracking during long-term use.<\/p><p>\ud83c\udfaf 3. Considerations for selecting photovoltaic ribbon substrate<\/p><p>\u2705 1) Resistivity requirements<\/p><p>High-efficiency photovoltaic modules (such as TOPCon and HJT) have stricter requirements on the resistivity of the welding strips, and usually require the selection of high-purity copper substrates with low resistivity (\u22641.7 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm).<\/p><p>Low resistivity welding ribbon can minimize power loss and increase the output power of photovoltaic modules.<\/p><p>\u2705 2) Flexibility and ductility<\/p><p>The annealed electrolytic copper welding strip has good ductility and softness, which is convenient for automated welding and reduces the risk of solder joint cracking.<\/p><p>Ensure that the yield strength of the welding strip is between 60 and 70 MPa to meet the welding process requirements.<\/p><p>\u2705 3) Corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance<\/p><p>Tin plating is usually used to protect the solder strip substrate and improve its anti-oxidation performance.<\/p><p>Copper clad aluminum (CCA) and brass welding strips are more susceptible to oxidation in humid environments, which will affect the reliability of the welding points over time.<\/p><p>Selecting a soldering ribbon with a tin coating thickness of 20-25 \u00b5m can effectively improve corrosion resistance.<\/p><p>\ud83c\udfaf 4. Common defects that may be caused by substrate problems<\/p><p>\u2757 1) Insufficient conductivity and too high resistance<\/p><p>Selecting materials with low conductivity (such as CCA or CCS) will result in increased power losses and reduced efficiency of the PV module.<\/p><p>\u2757 2) Insufficient tensile strength, resulting in welding deviation or cracks<\/p><p>Low-strength substrates are prone to bending or deformation during welding, causing cracks in the weld.<\/p><p>\u2757 3) Thermal expansion mismatch, solder joints prone to cracking<\/p><p>Materials with large differences in thermal expansion coefficients are prone to cracking or splitting solder joints in high temperature environments.<\/p><p>\ud83c\udfaf 5. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"19\" title=\"Ruichuang 2\">Raytron<\/a>Advantages of the base material of photovoltaic welding ribbon<\/p><p>\u2705 1) High purity electrolytic copper (C11000), high conductivity<\/p><p>The conductivity is as high as 98.5% IACS and the resistivity is as low as \u22641.7 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm, ensuring lossless current transmission.<\/p><p>\u2705 2) High-quality tin plating, strong oxidation resistance<\/p><p>The thickness of the tin layer is controlled at 20-25 \u00b5m, which effectively prevents oxidation and extends the service life of photovoltaic modules.<\/p><p>\u2705 3) Strict annealing process, stable yield strength<\/p><p>The yield strength is maintained at 60~70 MPa, ensuring that the welding strip has good flexibility and tensile properties.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The base material of photovoltaic welding ribbon is the basis of its performance, which directly affects the current conduction, welding stability, oxidation resistance and long-term reliability of photovoltaic modules. Choosing the right [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9053,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33514\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}