{"id":5862,"date":"2023-05-10T15:30:54","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T07:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/?p=5862"},"modified":"2023-09-01T14:01:33","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T06:01:33","slug":"ele5776","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/ele5776\/","title":{"rendered":"Advantages and disadvantages of several solar photovoltaic cells"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. N-PERT<\/p>\n

\u2460This is a typical bifacial battery.Solar Photovoltaic<\/a>A battery is a device that can receive light on both the front and back sides of a silicon wafer and generate photoelectric voltage and current.Solar Cells<\/a>. It is an improved version of P-PERC technology.<\/p>\n

\u2461N-PERT can achieve large-scale production with low technical difficulty and low equipment investment. However, it has no cost-effectiveness advantage compared with bifacial P-PERC and has been proven to be an uneconomical technical route.<\/p>\n

2. HIT\/HJT battery<\/p>\n

The VOC open circuit voltage is increased by adding a layer of amorphous silicon heterojunction. This increases the conversion efficiency of the cell.<\/p>\n

Advantages of HIT:<\/p>\n

\u2460 The laboratory conversion efficiency of pure heterojunction cells has exceeded 25%. When IBC technology is superimposed to form HBC cells, the conversion rate is increased to 26%. If HIT is combined with the thin-film perovskite cell mentioned above, a laboratory conversion efficiency of 28% can be obtained.<\/p>\n

It has many advantages, such as short production process, good temperature coefficient, basically no light decay, and high bifaciality.<\/p>\n

Disadvantages of HIT:<\/p>\n

\u2460 The battery production equipment is incompatible with the traditional crystalline silicon battery route. If photovoltaic companies choose heterojunction technology, they cannot achieve large-scale production of new technologies by transforming existing battery production lines. Then they can only invest in building a brand new production line, resulting in high investment costs for companies in the early stages of promotion.<\/p>\n

Low degree of localization. Without reliable domestically produced equipment, it is naturally difficult to reduce costs.<\/p>\n

It is understood that at present, heterojunction production equipment accounts for most of the heterojunction production costs. Take the core equipment PECVD as an example: the main manufacturers of this equipment have always been foreign companies such as German company Meyerberg. This undoubtedly increases the pressure on domestic companies to promote heterojunction technology.<\/p>\n

This will greatly reduce the initial investment threshold for heterojunction production lines, laying a solid foundation for heterojunction to become the mainstream choice for photovoltaic companies to expand production.<\/p>\n

\"\"

3. TOPCon<\/p>\n

The advantages of the tunnel oxide passivation contact technology developed based on the N-type battery process are: \uff0e<\/p>\n

\u2460TOPCon is compatible with existing PERC production lines. It is compatible enough with existing production lines. It is also possible to switch from the current mainstream PERC production line to the TOPCon production line. Compared with heterojunction, which requires a complete reconstruction of the production line, the TOPCon route is more easily accepted by existing battery plants.<\/p>\n

This technology can greatly reduce the surface recombination and metal recombination on the back side, thereby significantly improving the VOC and conversion efficiency of N-type cells.<\/p>\n

Disadvantages: These are the disadvantages of TOPCon batteries.<\/p>\n

It is a TOPCon battery, which has poor light collection on the back and is very difficult to mass produce.<\/p>\n

4. IBC<\/p>\n

The advantages are: the highest efficiency, which can reach more than 24%.<\/p>\n

The disadvantages are: high technical difficulty, large equipment investment, high cost, and large-scale production has not yet been achieved in China.<\/p>\n

TOPCon has the highest theoretical efficiency limit, but unfortunately, the light collection on the back is too poor.<\/p>\n

TOPCon has a theoretical limit for maximum efficiency, but unfortunately, the light collection behind it is too poor.<\/p>\n

At present, HIT and TOPCon are two options, and the industry is not completely one-sided. Let us wait and see, and don't be led by the market rhythm.<\/p>\n

5. P-type battery and N-type battery<\/p>\n

Depending on the substrate, silicon wafers can be divided into P-type cells and N-type cells. P-type cells refer to cells with an n+\/p structure prepared on P-type silicon wafers. P-type cells use a phosphorus diffusion process. The main representatives are early aluminum back field cells and the current mainstream PERC cells, with a final conversion efficiency of 24.5%. Before 2015, BSF cells occupied 90% of the market. In 2016, PERC cells began to take off, and by 2020, PERC cells accounted for more than 85%. The P-type battery process is relatively simple and low-cost, but it faces a bottleneck in efficiency improvement.<\/p>\n

The n-type cell adopts the boron diffusion process and the p+\/n structure on the N-type silicon wafer. The main representatives are TOPCon and HJT. Compared with the P-type cell, it has the advantages of high conversion rate, large low temperature coefficient, high bifaciality, and long carrier lifetime. The limit conversion efficiency of TOPCon and HJT is 28.7% and 27.5% respectively. The limit conversion efficiency of TOPCon and HJT is 28.7% and 27.5% respectively, which far exceeds the limit efficiency of the current mainstream PERC cell of 24.5%.<\/p>\n

N-type cells use higher quality silicon wafers and add SE processes. On the one hand, N-type cells require higher quality silicon wafers than P-type cells. Lower resistivity, lower oxygen content, and higher oligomer life are required. On the other hand, N-type cells also need to add SE processes to effectively improve efficiency. SE process, namely selective emitter technology, incorporates high concentration in the electrode contact area and low concentration in the light absorption area to reduce the contact resistance near the emitter.<\/p>\n

Advantages of N-type batteries over P-type batteries.<\/p>\n

(1) High conversion efficiency. At present, the average mass production efficiency of PERC superimposed with SE technology is: P-type cells are 22%-22.4%, TOPCon is 22.4%-23.1%, and HJT in N-type cells is 23%-23.6%.<\/p>\n

(2) High bifaciality. The bifaciality of P-type PERC cells is about 75%, while that of N-TOPCon exceeds 85%, and that of N-HJT exceeds 95%.<\/p>\n

(3) Low temperature coefficient. The temperature coefficient of N-type batteries is lower than that of P-type batteries, and they are suitable for application scenarios with higher temperatures, such as Africa, the Middle East, and other regions with good radiation conditions.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. N-PERT \u2460 This is a typical bifacial cell. Bifacial solar photovoltaic cells refer to cells that can receive light and generate photoelectricity on both the front and back sides of the silicon wafer [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[253,232],"class_list":["post-5862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-blog","tag-guangfuzujian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5862"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5862\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}